Putting the pieces together

The first step to get this to run is obvious. We need a main function. Fortunately it's a short one:

fn main() {
    let rt = Runtime::new();
    rt.run(javascript);
}

We instantiate our runtime, and we pass inn a pointer to our javascript function.

The next parts are just helper methods to let us print out interesting things about our Runtime while it's running.

For those new to Rust I'll spend the time to explain them anyway:

fn current() -> String {
    thread::current().name().unwrap().to_string()
}

The current method prints out the name of the current thread it's called from.

Since we have several threads handling tasks for us, this will help us keep track of what goes on where.

fn print(t: impl std::fmt::Display) {
    println!("Thread: {}\t {}", current(), t);
}

This function takes an argument that implements the Display trait. This trait defines how we want a type to displayed as text. We call our current function to get the name of the current thread and outputs it stdout.

The next function us a bit of an introduction to iterators. When we have content to print we use this one:

fn print_content(t: impl std::fmt::Display, descr: &str) {
    println!(
        "\n===== THREAD {} START CONTENT - {} =====",
        current(),
        descr.to_uppercase()
    );

    let content = format!("{}", t);
    let lines = content.lines().take(2);
    let main_cont: String = lines.map(|l| format!("{}\n", l)).collect();
    let opt_location = content.find("Location");

    let opt_location = opt_location.map(|loc| {
        content[loc..]
        .lines()
        .nth(0)
        .map(|l| format!("{}\n",l))
        .unwrap_or(String::new())
    });

    println!(
        "{}{}... [Note: Abbreviated for display] ...",
        main_cont,
        opt_location.unwrap_or(String::new())
    );

    println!("===== END CONTENT =====\n");
}

Let's explain the iterators step by step:

First we have:

let content = format!("{}", t);
let lines = content.lines().take(2);
let main_cont: String = lines.map(|l| format!("{}\n", l)).collect();

Content is just the content we want to print out. This is tailor made to print out the interesting parts of our http response, namely the first few lines and the location header so we know which call it was that got returned.

We only want to print out the two first lines so we get an iterator over those by calling content.lines().take(2).

The next step is to create a String out of these two lines.

lines.map(|l| format!("{}\n", l)).collect(); Takes every line and maps them as a new string which we append \n to to preserve the line breaks (if we don't do that the lines will come out as a single line). Then we collect that into a String.

We know they collect to a String since we annotated the type of main_cont in let main_cont: String.

let opt_location = content.find("Location");
let opt_location = opt_location.map(|loc| {
        content[loc..]
        .lines()
        .nth(0)
        .map(|l| format!("{}\n",l))
        .unwrap_or(String::new())
    });

The next part finds the location of the "Location" header. find returns an Option, just keep that in mind.

The next step, we use map again, but this time we use map on an Option type. In this context, map means that if there is Some value, we want to work with that, which means that map(|loc| {... loc is an index of the where the Location header was found.

Now what we do is that we take a range of our content string starting from the index of where we found the Location header, and all the way to the end of the string.

From this range we access the iterator over its lines by calling lines(), we take the first line from this iterator nth(0). Now again, this returns an Option, so we use map again to define what we'll do in the case if it's Some.

This means that if the first line of content[loc..] is something we pass that into our closure map(|l| format!("{}\n",l)), which results in l as this line.

We simply map this line into a String which we have appended a line break to.

Lastly we unwrap the result of these operations. If you kept your thoungue right all the way through this should either be Some(the_first_line_starting_with_Location), or None. If it's None we just pass inn an empty String.

Lastly we output everything.

Congratulations

You made it! Well done my friend! Now, there are a few small chapters left but we're actually done going through all async basics and implementing our runtime. So relax, and give yourself a pat on the back. All the hard work is finished!